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What is Root Cause Analysis (RCA)? | Explain Fish Bone Method

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What is Root Cause Analysis (RCA)?

Root Cause Analysis (RCA) is a systematic process for identifying the underlying causes of a problem, event, or issue. The goal of RCA is to identify the root cause or causes of a problem so that they can be addressed and prevented from occurring again in the future.


The Fishbone method, also known as the Ishikawa diagram or cause-and-effect diagram, is a tool used in root cause analysis (RCA) to identify the various causes contributing to a particular problem or issue. It is called a fishbone diagram because of its shape, which resembles the bones of a fish.


The fishbone method involves the following steps:


1. Define the problem: Clearly define the problem or issue that needs to be addressed.


2. Identify major categories: 

  • Draw a horizontal line across the center of a piece of paper or whiteboard and write the problem statement at the right end of the line. 
  • Then, draw angled lines of the horizontal line, like the bones of a fish, and label each line with a major category of potential causes. 
  • Examples of categories might include people, processes, equipment, materials, environment, or management.


3. Brainstorm causes: Have a team brainstorm possible causes of the problem or issue, encouraging them to think creatively and freely. Write each potential cause on the appropriate category line.


4. Analyze and refine: Analyze the potential causes and refine them further to identify the most likely contributors. Use questions such as the "5 Whys" to dig deeper into the causes and identify underlying issues.


5. Prioritize actions: Prioritize the most significant causes based on the severity of their impact on the problem or issue, as well as the feasibility of addressing them. Determine the actions required to address each cause.


6. Monitor and evaluate: Monitor the effectiveness of the actions taken to address the causes, and evaluate whether they have effectively addressed the root cause or causes of the problem or issue.


The fishbone method is a visual way to help teams explore all possible causes of a problem or issue and identify the most likely contributing factors. It promotes collaboration and communication among team members and can help facilitate a structured approach to problem-solving.

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